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Chief judge Xiao Yang has pledged to keep up the fight against judicial corruption after the nation's court system rooted out 292 judges last year because of unethical deeds. Greater efforts would be made this year to build a "clean court system", Xiao, president of the Supreme People's Court (SPC), said in an interview with China Daily. "We must never relax our vigilance on corruption," he said, after he reported to the National People's Congress in early March that, last year, 292 judges were subjected to power abuse investigations, with 109 of them prosecuted. The number of judges charged with corruption was 378 in 2005 and 461 in 2004. However, Xiao, who has been SFC president since 1998, said he had ongoing fears about the "grave situation" of judicial corruption. The 69-year-old chief judge said he "lost sleep" because he was so deeply disturbed by reports of corruption, especially those involving court officials. Corruption involving judges, though in small number, damaged the image of the country's court system and undermined the credibility of the justice system. "We will continue to be serious in handling the official corruption cases," he said. In 2006, two high-level group corruption cases were reported by the Chinese court system. The first involved three top judges from Fuyang Intermediate People's Court in East China's Anhui Province, who were arrested for taking bribes since 2005. Two of the former judges were sentenced to 9 and 10 years respectively, with the other one still on trial. The second case involved five senior judges from Shenzhen's Intermediate People's Court in South China. Three of them were sentenced to jail terms ranging from 3.5 to 11 years, with the other two still on trial. Corrupt judges have disrupted the working of the court system and sometimes resulted in wrong verdicts, Xiao said. A "firewall" against corruption will be consolidated, he said, with the apex court on its way to make four important sets of rules on fee charges, court discipline, judge discipline, and court supervision. The first two sets of rules will be implemented this year, with the other two released for public comment. Of the new rules to be released, he said, court officials are barred from using their influence to seek price discounts in any transactions, to occupy properties under other people's ownership, to collect or to spend money through gambling, to have personal investment managers, or to seek benefits for their family members. Also, beginning last year, the court introduced an "anti-corruption deposit" system. If a 22-year-old court staff member deposits 500 yuan () every year and does not do anything illegal, he will get 300,000 yuan (,600) upon retirement - including his premium and reward.

A former top official from Beijing is facing prosecution for taking bribes from property developers, advertising companies and other businesses, a local newspaper reported Thursday.Zhou Liangluo, 46, former head of Haidian district, the city's thriving university and hi-tech hub, received bribes totaling 16 million yuan (.2 million) from 10 businesses and individuals, the Beijing Times reported.Caijing magazine said on its website last month that Zhou was apparently uncovered when authorities were investigating Liu Zhihua - the former vice-mayor of Beijing - for alleged corruption and finding out that a real estate developer Liu Jun had been bribing the two.However, there is so far no evidence proving the alleged links.Investigators last month handed Zhou's case to a city court for trial.His wife, Lu Xiaodan, also faces charges of taking more than 8 million yuan in bribes, the paper said.Beijing has enjoyed an influx of investment over recent years, partly spurred by its preparations to host the Olympics Games.Zhou's posts in Haidian, and before that in Chaoyang district, gave him a big say over lucrative projects.The report did not say when Zhou and Lu are to be tried or how they are expected to plead to the possible charges.

BEIJING - State Forestry Administration investigators found more than 100 suspected footprints of a South China tiger on Friday in Shaanxi Province, where photos of the big cat taken by a farmer have caused a national controversy over their authenticity.A South China tiger [File photo] The Beijing Morning Post reported on Monday that Zhang Bin, a local forestry official who accompanied the investigators, said the team also found a skeleton suspected to belong to a young tiger."It's like the skeleton of a cat," said Zhang, adding the bones had been sent to Beijing for DNA testing. "But experts said with a length of 50 centimeters, a cat would have grown tooth bones. This skeleton hasn't (teeth), it's like a cub feline.""The experts said there is a great probability that it belongs to a South China tiger cub."He said the footprints found in Zhenping County ranged from 12 to 16 cm, with toes. "To my experience in investigating the wild, they are tiger footprints. They belong to more than one tiger."Zhang said the experts had also developed rubbings of the footprints for further analysis.In October, a farmer in Zhenping County, in the northern Shaanxi Province, claimed he snapped photos of a tiger in the forest near his home. The provincial forestry bureau later cited experts as verifying it was a South China tiger. The subspecies was believed to have been extinct in the wild for more than three decades.However, many scientists and Internet users have denounced the pictures as fake. In November, one netizen posted an on-line picture of a tiger from a new year calendar and claimed the two tigers were identical.Despite this, the provincial forestry department insisted the tiger in the photo existed in Zhenping County. The Beijing-based China Photographers Society, however, confirmed the images were not real.Last month, the State Forestry Administration dispatched an expert panel to Zhenping to carry out a field investigation. It hoped to find concrete evidence on whether the tiger existed.The photo taken by Zhou Zhenglong, a farmer in Zhenping County of Northwest China's Shaanxi Province. Zhou claimed he snapped photos of a South China tiger in the forest near his home.

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Soaring global oil prices have led to small refiners drastically cutting down on production - forcing Sinopec to fill the void.Since the prices of refined oil products are set by the central government, the refiners - private or local-government-owned - find it unprofitable when the price of crude is as high as is now. Crude prices reached a record .80 a barrel at the New York close on Monday."Surging international crude prices are exerting mounting pressure on the local market (by discouraging small refiners). We are already running at full capacity to ensure fuel supply," Mao Jiaxiang, vice-president of Sinopec Economics & Development Research Institute, told China Daily Tuesday.Sinopec is Asia's top refiner, feeding the bulk of fuel consumption in China. But due to capacity limitations at its plants, there is a rising gap between demand and supply.Mao pointed out that fuel shortages are mainly triggered by the production drop at medium- and small-sized refiners scattered around the country, which contribute 5 to 10 percent of the country's supply.The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), the top economic planner, keeps a tight lid on domestic fuel prices to fend off inflation, only allowing refiners to set prices within an 8 percent band of a government-imposed benchmark.Sinopec will have more refining capacity on stream next year, which will help ease supply pressure, Mao said.This year, it is believed Sinopec may import more oil products from abroad if necessary. The company imported 60,000 tons of gasoline in September and sold it at a lower price.Gasoline retailers raised prices by 2.92 percent in the first nine months after crude costs climbed, the NDRC said in a statement on its website on Monday.However, the NDRC said last month that energy prices will not be raised "in principle" this year after the consumer price index (CPI) hit a 10-year high of 6.5 percent in August."As global crude prices and the CPI stay at high levels, it is possible for the authorities to seek a compromise by not raising fuel prices but giving subsidies to major refiners at the end of the year," said Niu Li, an economist with the State Information Center affiliated to the NDRC.

BEIJING -- As the world marked International Human Rights Day on Monday, a Chinese expert in the field has documented his country's work in the area through a new article chronicling achievements that have been made over the past five years.Dong Yunhu, vice president of the China Society for Human Rights Studies, the largest nongovernmental organization in the human rights field in China, listed in his article some major facts outlining the fruits that have been reaped.In the newly-amended constitution of the Communist Party of China (CPC) adopted at October's 17th Party Congress, one of the landmark changes was that in the paragraph of "promoting socialist democracy", it said the Party "respects and safeguards human rights".It was the first time the CPC considered the development of human rights as an important aspect of national development.In November 1991, the Information Office under the State Council published its first-ever white paper entitled "Human Rights in China", stressing that full access of human rights was socialist China's "sublime goal".In March 2004, parliament adopted an amendment to the constitution that inserted the clause declaring "the state respects and safeguards human rights", putting human rights protection under the legal umbrella of the state.In March 2006, China for the first time wrote "human rights protection" in the country's national economic and social development plan as a part of the modernization drive.In his article Dong wrote: "Over the past five years, the most prominent progress in China's human rights protection is the 'mainstreamlization' and entry of human rights into the country's political life."The public's right to know, right to supervise has been constantly expanded. How state organs operate, how legislators work becomes increasingly transparent, Dong said.He pointed out that as a developing country with 1.3 billion population, China was still confined by historic, economic and social conditions. It had met many obstacles in the development of human rights."The economic, social and legal systems in China are far from mature and unbalanced development occurs between the rural and urban areas and among different regions," Dong said. He noted that "thorny issues in such aspects as employment, social security, income distribution, education, medicine, housing and safe production, had all effected public interests.However, he was confident that "human rights conditions in China would gradually improve along with the modernization process" as long as the country "unswervingly implements human rights protection principles and actively promotes democratic and legal construction".

China will cooperate more with the European Union (EU) to develop safety and security criteria for products, a leading official from the top product quality supervision authority said Wednesday.To increase joint efforts to establish a product safety control system, the two sides have agreed to establish a joint information platform for industrial products, Wei Chuanzhong, vice-minister of General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ), said."We will assess what it will take to set up a database for the platform by the end of this year," Wei said."The information platform will help solve problems arising from bilateral trade, providing a more effective way to push forward win-win trade development," Wei said.Wei made the remarks after the sixth annual meeting of the Negotiating Mechanism on Sino-EU Industrial Product and WTO/TBT (World Trade Organization/technical bar-riers to trade), which took place in Beijing Wednesday.Under the negotiating mechanism, which was launched early in 2002, China and the EU have set up 10 working groups covering trade issues in several industrial sectors, such as textiles, medical devices, electrical and mechanical devices, chemicals and cosmetics.He said a four-month product-safety inspection campaign launched by the AQSIQ is currently underway nationwide.Prior to yesterday's meeting, the EU also signed the first agreement for cooperation on pharmaceuticals and related products with the Chinese State Food and Drug Administration, according to the delegation of the European Commission to China."We will not impose any discriminative supervision regulations on Chinese products exported to the EU market. Instead, we are willing to offer technological support to Chinese enterprises to ensure an effective control over product safety," Heinz Zourek, director general for Enterprise and Industry of the European Commission, said.

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BEIJING -- China will strengthen anti-money laundering checks and monitoring at the securities and insurance companies to safeguard financial security, Central Bank Governor Zhou Xiaochuan said Friday.China's anti-money laundering efforts were in the initial stage and needed further improvement, Zhou told the fourth trans-ministerial meeting on anti-money laundering in Beijing.The government would work to amend the Criminal Law to improve the efficiency of anti-money laundering investigations, indictments and trials, he said.The government planned to clamp down on the money laundering and money-raising activities by terrorists at the non-financial sectors, including property, lottery and law offices.The People's Bank of China (PBOC) would set up an with the Customs Offices and put in place a declaration system for unregistered marketable securities on arrivals and departures, said Zhou.China was also committed to strengthening cooperation with the overseas financial intelligence centers and improving the mechanism to prevent and crack down on the illegal transnational fund flows, he added.

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BEIJING -- China's education officials are joining with employment authorities to mount investigations into reports of agencies and individuals who lure minors to work, said the Ministry of Education on Thursday."We have received reports that some agencies and individuals lured minors to work on the pretense of introducing them to part-time jobs or internships," said the ministry in a circular.Education authorities across the country will join with officials who have law enforcement powers in labor departments and commerce and industry administrations to intensify supervision and management to stop illegal employment of minors by agencies and individuals, it said.The ministry asked its local branches and all schools to be aware and report illegal employment to the authorities.Chinese law bans minors under the age of 16 from working and those between 16 and 18 must be given easier and safer work than adult workers.Employers who violate the law can be fined and, if the crime is serious, their business licenses will be withdrawn.In June, private brick kilns in north China's Shanxi Province were found abusing workers, many of whom were underage, in a forced labor scandal.A total of 95 officials in the province have been punished in the wake of the forced labor scandal.The ministry also warned vocational schools not to violate regulations on internships, which ban students from interning during their first year.Most vocational schools in China take in students who finish three years in secondary school, but do not go to high school.In 2004, a private vocational school in southeast China's Jiangxi Province was caught luring first-year students to work full-time in an electronic hardware factory during their summer vacation by promising free tuition.

Nearly one out of three people in Beijing belongs to the mobile population, according to the capital's population and family planning commission.Workers stand on a temporary dormitory at the Central Business District in Beijing September 2, 2007. China's 120 million migrant workers, the young generation in particular, are demanding higher wages and a better working environment, the Labour Ministry said. [Agencies]The municipality's mobile population reached 5.4 million in October, accounting for nearly 30 percent of the total, the commission's deputy director Li Yunli said.More than 80 percent of the capital's mobile population belongs to the China-unique category of rural migrant workers, Li told a conference on population in Beijing on Monday. The remainder is mostly made up of people visiting for less than a month.She added that migrant workers would comprise the vast majority of both the capital's and the nation's mobile population for a long time to come. Currently, the national mobile population stands at 150 million.The most recent influx of migrant workers boosted the capital's population to about 17.4 million by October, signaling Beijing's population would likely exceed its threshold of 18 million earlier than previous forecasts, Li said.The total population would continue to grow in Beijing over the next five or 10 years, Li said, and "that would further strain scarce resources, including land, water and energy".Previous research has suggested that accommodating more than 14 million residents would exceed Beijing's food- and water-supply capacities.More than 130,000 people were born in Beijing in 2007 as of October, and more than one-third of them were born to migrant families, Li said. And according to her, there would be even more births next year.This year, most of the capital's unplanned births were to migrant families, Li said."Family planning among migrant workers is crucial to China's overall family planning, and the construction of a new socialist countryside and a harmonious society," deputy director of the State Population and Family Planning Commission Wang Guoqing was quoted as saying by Xinhua news agency earlier.In addition, most of the migrant workers in Beijing work labor-intensive jobs in fields such as manufacturing, home furnishing, catering, cleaning and domestic services.Most migrant workers received little education, with 60 percent of them dropping out after junior middle school mainly because of financial problems, Li explained.More than half of them earn less than 1,200 yuan (0) per month and live in poorly equipped rental rooms, Li added.Researcher with China Foundation for International and Strategic Studies Qin Xiaoying said that if migrant workers remain economically and socially marginalized, mental anguish could flourish among the demographic and threaten social stability.The commission urged governments at all levels to improve public services for the migrant population, protect their legal rights and interests, and reduce discrimination against them.