趋势线和通道

中国地方政府竞争与制度变迁1

BEIJING, Feb. 24 (Xinhua) -- China should further step up efforts to implement the plan to adjust and reinvigorate some of the country's key industries, according to an executive meeting of the State Council held on Wednesday.The meeting was chaired by Premier Wen Jiabao.Progress has been made in 2009 for adjusting and promoting key industries, however the situation remained grave as weak global demand was still affecting China's economy and more efforts were needed to curb overcapacity in some industries, according to a statement released after the meeting.To combat the global economic downturn, China in 2009 adopted a massive plan to adjust and reinvigorate the country's ten key industries covering cars, steel, information technology, logistics, textile, nonferrous metal, equipment manufacturing, petrochemicals, shipbuilding as well as light industry.The implementation of the plan was a long-term task which should focus on the structure adjustment and development mode transformation of the ten industries, said the statement.Vigorous efforts should be made to expand domestic demand, optimize industrial layout, curb overcapacity, eliminate retrograde productivity, push company merger and restructuring, promote technology innovation and deepen reform to facilitate development mode change, it said.

BEIJING, March 19 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice Minister of Commerce Zhong Shan will pay a three-day visit to the United States from March 24 to strengthen economic and trade cooperation, said a statement posted on the official website of the Ministry of Commerce (MOC) Friday.The visit was aimed at expanding bilateral trade and promoting the healthy and stable development of the Sino-U.S. economic and trade relations, the statement said.Zhong would also negotiate with the U.S. administration over Sino-U.S. trade issues in an effort to increase mutual understanding, and defuse trade frictions, the statement said."Sino-U.S. economic and trade relations are mutually beneficial," said He Ning, director general of the Department of American and Oceanian Affairs of the MOC."China believes any economic and trade issues, including the RMB (Chinese currency) exchange rate, can be resolved through dialogue."But we should avoid politicizing economic and trade issues," He told journalists Friday in Beijing.He said commodities trade figures only mirrored flows of the products, but it could not truly reveal the beneficiaries.Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said earlier this month that half of China's exports came from the processing trade, in which imported components were assembled at factories in China and 60 percent were made by foreign-funded companies or joint ventures with foreign partners.MOC spokesman Yao Jian said Tuesday China welcomed more U.S. high-tech exports, and was willing to promote more balanced Sino-U.S. trade. En

BEIJING, Feb. 22 -- The Chinese central government plans to implement a new policy in the first half of this year to encourage auto industry consolidation and further the development of Chinese-brand passenger vehicles, an official from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said at a recent news conference.According to sources with knowledge of the new policy, it intends that Chinese-brand passenger vehicles will comprise at least half of vehicle sales by 2015 and sedans made by entirely domestic automakers will have about 40 percent of the nation's car market.Statistics from the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM) show that 4.58 million Chinese-brand passenger vehicles were sold last year, some 44.3 percent of the total. Through an acquisition deal with Aviation Industry Corp last year, Chang'an Auto closed the biggest asset deal between State-owned auto enterprisesSales of domestic sedans hit 2.22 million units, almost 30 percent of the segment.The new policy will also focus on accelerating consolidation between automakers and could lead to a new round of reshuffling, industry insiders said.China became the world's largest auto producer and market last year with both production and sales surpassing 13.5 million vehicles due in part to government incentives.There are now more than 130 carmakers across the country, but most of them are small enterprises with annual production and sales of fewer than 10,000 units.Only five had sales of more than 1 million units last year as the country's top 10 carmakers moved a total of 11.89 million vehicles to account for 87 percent of overall sales, according to market data.Consolidation movesLast year, Chang'an Motor Corp acquired two minivan makers - Hafei and Changhe - as well as engine producer Dong'an Auto from the Aviation Industry Corp of China (AVIC), marking the biggest asset deal ever between State-owned auto companies.Chang'an is the fourth-largest motor group in China and the local partner of US carmaker Ford Motor and Japan's Mazda and Suzuki. After the acquisition, Chang'an's 2009 sales were only 30,000 units behind Dongfeng, the country's third-largest motor group.Guangzhou Automobile Group Corp, the country's sixth-biggest automaker, bought a 29 percent stake of Shanghai-listed SUV maker Changfeng Motor Co Ltd for 1 billion yuan in May last year.Beijing Automobile Industry Holding Corp, China's fifth-largest carmaker, reportedly finalized a deal last month to buy a 40 percent stake in Daimler AG's van joint venture with Fujian Motor Industry Corp.By 2012 policymakers hope consolidation will result in two to three large-scale auto groups, each with annual production capacity surpassing 2 million units, and four to five companies with annual output of more than 1 million vehicles, according to the national auto industry revitalization plan released in March last year.The current top-four Chinese motor groups are SAIC Motor Corp, FAW Group, Dongfeng Motor and Chang'an Motor. Carmakers including Beijing Automobile, Guangzhou Automobile, Chery, Geely and Sinotruk form the second tier in the country's auto industry.Going globalLi Yizhong, minister of Industry and Information Technology, said recently that in addition to fueling industry consolidation, the government will also implement measures to encourage domestic automakers in reaching overseas this year through investment, acquisition of foreign brands, building research and development facilities and developing sales networks.Industry sources said that the new policy calls for 20 percent of overall sales by major auto groups to be generated overseas in the next few years.In the wake of the financial crisis, China's vehicle exports fell sharply by 45.7 percent to 369,600 units last year, according to statistics from the General Administration of Customs. Industry analysts generally expect a rebound in car shipments this year as the foreign markets begin to recover.Despite the poor export performance, Chinese companies were aggressive in acquiring overseas assets in 2009.Homegrown carmaker Geely's bid for Swedish luxury brand Volvo received a lot of media exposure in 2009. The Zhejiang-based company will reportedly close the deal soon.Beijing Automotive bought some of Swedish carmaker Saab's core assets and technologies for 0 million last year.Li noted that along with encouraging acquisitions and consolidation, the government will restrain overcapacity in the auto industry.Li also said that the ministry will accelerate the development of new energy vehicles, including hybrid, pure electric and fuel battery models.The new policy will reportedly stipulate that Chinese partners hold at least a 50 percent share in newly built Sino-foreign joint ventures that produce core parts for alternative-energy vehicles.

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HAIKOU, Feb. 13 (Xinhua) -- China's southern island province of Hainan saw a surge in travelers on Saturday, one day before the Chinese Lunar New Year, or Spring Festival, said local officials.A total of 65,397 people arrived in Hainan, a tourist resort, on Saturday, up 30.16 percent from the eve of the Chinese lunar new year of 2009, according to a spokesman with the local holiday and travel coordination bureau.A survey of 10 scenic spots in Hainan showed they received about 41,750 visitors on Saturday and their total ticket income hit 2.07 million yuan (303,000 U.S.dollars), up 7.32 percent and 12.37 percent respectively from the eve of the last Spring Festival, the spokesman said.Another survey of Hainan's 21 hotels showed they accommodated 6,101 travelers on Saturday, and reported an income of 5.04 million yuan, up 26.21 percent, he said.From Feb. 1 to Feb. 13, more than 3,800 foreign travelers arrived in Hainan for a holiday, according to statistics from the Haikou General Station of Exit and Entry Frontier Inspection."I am very happy to spend Spring Festival in such a beautiful island. I hope more foreign travelers could experience the Chinese traditional festival here," said Daniel Sanchez, a Spanish traveler.Last month, the central government announced a plan to build the island into a top international tourist destination by 2020.

HONG KONG, March 20 (Xinhua) -- Hong Kong signed an agreement with Brunei for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to income taxes, the HK Special Administrative Region government said on Saturday.According to an official news release, Financial Secretary John Tsang signed the deal with Brunei Second Minister of Finance Abdul Rahman Ibrahim on Saturday during his visit to the southeast Asian country.This was the sixth comprehensive agreement for the avoidance of double taxation concluded by Hong Kong.It will eliminate double taxation instances encountered by Hong Kong and Bruneian investors, and bring about tax savings and certainty in tax liabilities in connection with cross-border economic activities.It is also believed to help foster closer economic and trade links between the two places, and provide added incentives for Brunei's enterprises to do business or invest in Hong Kong.Profits of Hong Kong trading companies doing business through a permanent establishment in Brunei may be taxed in both places if the income is Hong Kong sourced. Under the agreement, double taxation is avoided in that any Brunei tax paid by the companies can be deducted from the tax payable in Hong Kong.

BEIJING, Jan. 15 (Xinhua) -- China and Vietnam held a reception in Beijing on Friday to mark the 60th anniversary of diplomatic ties.     Chen Haosu, president of the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries, said China and Vietnam were friendly neighbors, which had frequent high-level visits, broad trade and economic cooperation, and cultural exchanges.     Chen said the establishment of the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area (FTA) on Jan. 1, 2010 will further boost the mutually-beneficial cooperation between China and Vietnam. Chen Zhili (C front), vice chairwoman of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress (NPC), attends a reception marking the 60th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Vietnam, in Beijing, capital of China, Jan. 15, 2010Vietnamese Ambassador to China Nguyen Van Tho said he believed a series of activities to mark 2010 as the year of China-Vietnam friendship will advance the bilateral relations to a new hight.     About 120 guests from both countries, including Chen Zhili, vice chairwoman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress,attended the reception.     China and Vietnam forged diplomatic relations on Jan. 18, 1950. 

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VLADIVOSTOK, Russia, March 21 (Xinhua) -- Visiting Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping Sunday encouraged Chinese and Russian youths to make joint efforts in helping push forward the friendly bilateral ties.Xi, during his visit to the Confucius Institute of Far Eastern National University here, called on youths of the two countries to realize the aim with their youthful passion and wisdom.At the institute, which was founded in 2006, Xi watched an exhibition showing its achievement, attended a Chinese calligraphy lesson taken by Russian students, and inaugurated a bronze statue of Confucius.Xi also paid a visit to the "Ocean" all Russia children's center, where hundreds of Chinese pupils and middle-school students, victims of a devastating major earthquake in 2008, had attended a rehabilitation program.The massive earthquake struck southwestern China's Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces on May 12, 2008, leaving some 70,000 people dead and 18,000 others missing.Xi recalled that the Russian government and people provided timely assistance to victims of the quake and President Dmitry Medvedev later invited more than 1,500 Chinese pupils and middle-school students from the quake-hit areas to Russia for rehabilitation.The Chinese vice president conveyed the sincere greetings and best wishes of these Chinese children to their Russian peers in the center, and, on behalf of the Chinese government and people, expressed his heartfelt thanks to the staff of the center.Xi said Chinese and Russian youths are the builders and successors of the future undertaking of the Sino-Russia friendship.He said the "Year of Chinese Language" would open in Russia in several days, expressing his hope that Russian youths would actively take part in related activities, and learn Chinese language, history and culture.Xi arrived in Vladivostok Saturday for a five-day official visit to Russia.

BEIJING, Jan. 24 (Xinhua) -- One of China's two leading State-owned shipbuilders, China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (CSIC), said Sunday that its profit in 2009 jumped 18.5 percent to 7.39 billion yuan (1.1 billion U.S. dollars).The Beijing-based conglomerate, which consists nearly 50 industrial subsidiaries and about 30 R&D institutes in northern China, also said its operating income rose 17 percent in 2009 to 120.9 billion yuan.General manager Li Changyin said the CSIC had overcome the impact of the global financial crisis, which crippled the global sea-based trade and brought down ship orders.Li said technological innovations had enabled the CSIC to build 180,000-dwt bulkers, 320,000-dwt oil tankers, 13,000-TEU containers as well as new types of drilling platform which can be used in water depths up to 400 feet (120 meters).According to Li, CSIC had also been actively engaged in non-ship businesses including manufacturing of wind power and nuclear power equipment, accounting for 40 percent of the CSIC's business volume.Li said the CSIC profit target for 2010 was 8 billion yuan. The operating income was expected to surpass 140 billion yuan and the CSIC output in 2010 was likely to break 10 million dwt (deadweight tonnage), he added.The CSIC, which has more than 140,000 manpower, launched an initial public share offer at the Shanghai Stock Exchange in December 2009 and raised some 6.4 billion yuan.The CSIC's main shipbuilding and industrial enterprises are based in cities of Dalian, Qingdao, Tianjin, Shanhaiguan and Wuchang.The other major shipbuilding conglomerate in China -- the China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC) is based in Shanghai, whose turf is mainly in eastern and southern China.

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BEIJING, March 3 (Xinhua) -- Lawmakers from ethnic minorities in northwestern China's Qinghai Province on Wednesday urged for more favorable policies for the minority groups with small population, or the groups each with a population of less than 100,000."I hope the country will provide more support for industries with ethnic features in the the formulation of the 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-2015)," said Han Yongdong, who is also head of Qinghai's Xunhua Salar Autonomous County government."We also need more support for education and employment. Those policies would help the small ethnic groups cultivate an independent 'blood-making' capability to sustain their own development," said Han from Salar, one of China's 22 ethnic groups with small population.Compared with the country's booming coastal regions, regions where ethnic groups with small population live, mostly in central and western inland regions, remain relatively backward.To accelerate the development of the regions where ethnic groups with small population live, China's State Council passed in 2005 a guideline, promising to build roads, schools and basic medical institutions, and provide them with access to electricity, TV and phone service, and drinking water, in addition to sufficient farms and pastures to live on.According to statistics from the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, China had invested more than 2.5 billion yuan (about 368 million U.S. dollars) in 8,065 projects aimed to support small ethnic groups between 2005 and November 2009.But for Qiao Zhengxiao, another deputy to the NPC and Party chief of the Qinghai University, the aid to ethnic minority groups was still not enough."The central government mainly focused on Tibet and other regions of ethnic groups with relatively larger population last year and this year," said Qiao, from the Tu ethnic group."I hope the government will attach more importance to ethnic groups with smaller population in the future," he said.He suggested ethnic minority groups each with population less than 300,000 be covered by the favorable polices passed in 2005.Meanwhile, Han Yongdong also suggested that museums and research projects should be set up to protect the small ethnic groups' culture."My own kid cannot speak the Salar language. It would be too late if we don't start soon," he said.

BEIJING, Jan. 12 (Xinhua) -- China was flexing its muscles to fight corruption which was still an "persistent, complicated and arduous" task, said an expert as the internal anti-graft body of the Communist Party of China (CPC) convened its three-day plenary session.     President Hu Jintao told the meeting of the CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI) that the Party should "fully recognize the situation of the fight against corruption," which was "persistent, complicated and arduous."     Last year, at least 15 ministerial or provincial level officials, including heads of State-owned enterprises (SOE), were investigated for corruption, nine of whom were referred for prosecution, the CCDI said.     Among them were former Supreme People's Court Vice President Huang Songyou, who was the first supreme court justice in China removed for grave violations of the law and the Party discipline.     "The graft fight and the promotion of a clean and honest work among Party cadres has a great bearing on the Party's survival," Prof. Huang Zongliang of Beijing University told Xinhua.     Huang said despite the arrests of many high-ranking officials, the graft situation did not "show any sign of relaxation," citing the 2009 corruption index of the Transparency International, a Berlin-based non-government organization.     Among the annual ranking of the world's countries and regions of 180, China ranked 72nd. Countries and regions towards the end of the list means more corrupt.     Huang said China's ranking was low and there was little progress compared with that of previous years.     ASSET REPORTING SYSTEM IN THE PIPELINE     He said to build a system of officials' asset reporting was an effective way to prevent corruption.     The communique of the last CCDI plenary session in September said officials should "report their properties and investment as well as employment of their spouse and children," and authorities should enhance management of officials who had family members living overseas.     Such requirement was in response to several cases of corrupt officials who fled the country with huge amount of public funds.     Huang said the public applauded the move to set up an officials' assets declaration system, as it signaled the Party's effort in pushing for transparency.     Currently, the program has been tested in several regions, including eastern Zhejiang and Shanghai and far western Xinjiang.     At the CCDI's plenary session Tuesday, Hu, also general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, said supervision and monitoring should be enhanced to form an effective corruption prevention system.     Vice Minister of Supervision Qu Wanxiang also pledged last week to tighten supervision on the SOEs and fight corruption among their executives.     At least 35 senior executives of China's large SOEs faced corruption charges last year, said a report by Faren Magazine, affiliated to the Legal Daily and overseen by the Ministry of Justice.     Among them was Kang Rixin, general manager of the China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC), who has been under investigation for alleged grave violations of Party discipline since August.     Another prominent case involved Chen Tonghai, former chairman of China's state-run oil refiner Sinopec, who was found to have taken almost 200 million yuan (29.4 million U.S. dollars) in bribes and given a death sentence with a two-year reprieve in July.     Latest statistics show more than 106,000 officials in China were penalized for disciplinary violations from January to November last year.     President Hu vowed that no corrupt official would be above the law and Party discipline.