解读黑奴吁天录中的社会意识形态

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Beijing is bulging as its population has exceeded 17 million, only 1 million to go to reach the ceiling the city government has set for 2020.The figure breaks down into 12.04 million holders of Beijing "hukou", or household registration certificates, and 5.1 million floating population, sources with the Ministry of Public Security said at Monday's workshop on the country's management of migrants.Beijing municipal government announced last year it would limit its population to 18 million by 2020.Overpopulation is putting considerable pressure on the city's natural resources and environment. And experts have warned the current population, 17 million calculated at the end of June, is already 3 million more than Beijing's resources can feed.Given this year's baby boom, triggered by the superstitious belief that babies born in the Chinese year of the pig are lucky, analysts say there is little hope for an immediate slowdown in Beijing's population growth, even with the post-Beijing Olympics lull and soaring housing prices that have driven some Beijingers to boom towns in the neighboring Hebei Province and Tianjin Municipality.Migrants, especially surplus rural laborers who have taken up non-agricultural jobs in the city, have forcefully contributed to the population explosion in recent years.About 200 million migrants are working in cities across China.Last year, Ministry of Public Security proposed police authorities in the migrants' home province should send "resident police officers" to cities to help maintain public security at major migrant communities, many of which are slums that are prone to violence, robberies, drugs and gambling.Resident policemen are currently at work in three cities: Dongguan, a manufacturing center in Guangdong Province, Binzhou of the central Hunan Province and Guigang of the southern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.The ministry has also demanded all cities to complete a management information system of migrants' data by the end of 2009.

BEIJING -- China's first lunar probe Chang'e-1 will fly to the moon orbit with no more orbital corrections, a scientist told Xinhua on Saturday.Tang Geshi, a scientist with the Beijing Aerospace Control Center (BACC), said that the center will order the satellite to apply the first break at about 10:00 on Monday with no more planned orbital corrections.BACC carried out an orbital correction of Chang'e-1 on Friday, about nine days after its launch. "The correction has made the satellite run accurately in the transforming orbit heading to the moon, and another correction planned on November 4 will be unnecessary," Tang said.The Chang'e-1 lunar probe has been flying at a speed of 500-meter per second to the space where the moon's gravity could capture it.It has completed four orbital transforms and one halfway correction and is expected to enter the moon orbit on November 5.China's first lunar probe, Chang'e-1, named after a fairy-tale Chinese goddess who flew to the moon, blasted off on a Long March 3A carrier rocket on Oct. 24 from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in southwestern Sichuan Province. 

GUANGZHOU: Zhuhai in Guangdong Province and the Macao Special Administrative Region (SAR) are under threat from a serious saltwater tide that is likely to worsen over the next two months, the provincial water resource department said Thursday.The saltwater tide arrived in Zhuhai in the first half of November, earlier than the usual saltwater tide season from December to February.Last month, the city's main water source, Pinggang Water Pumping Station, was rendered incapable of pumping qualified fresh water for 171 hours. This seriously affected Zhuhai people's daily lives, and the impact extended throughout the Pearl River Delta.Currently, the whole city has stores of 25 million cu m of fresh water, 7 million cu m less than the same period last year.Director of the Guangdong provincial water resource department Huang Boqing said the department and other relevant organizations would do their best to control the saltwater tides and increase the amount of fresh water.Huang said construction of hydropower stations in the upper reaches of Xijiang and Beijang rivers - two tributaries of the Pearl River - should be slowed down, because they would block a large amount of fresh water and worsen saltwater tides in the river's lower reaches.Other provinces in the river's upper reaches diverted about 10 million cu m of fresh water to Zhuhai from November 20 to December 4.In addition, Zhuhai would complete a large reservoir by next October, and construction of another would begin next year and finish in 2010.However, many individuals are dredging river sands from the Pearl River Delta for profits, causing the riverbed to lower."The riverbed of Beijiang River is 30 percent lower than two decades ago," He Zhibo, a senior engineer of Zhujiang (Pearl River) water resource commission, told China Daily Thursday.The lowered riverbed cannot buffer saltwater tides. And if the river sand dredging continues, all government efforts to stem the tides would be wasted, he said.

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WASHINGTON - Post-menopausal Chinese women who eat a Western-style diet heavy in meat and sweets face a higher risk of breast cancer than their counterparts who stick to a typical Chinese diet loaded with vegetables and soy, a study found. The researchers, writing on Tuesday in the journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, tracked about 3,000 women in Shanghai, about half of whom were diagnosed with breast cancer. Post-menopausal women who ate a Western-style diet -- beef, pork, shrimp, chicken, candy, desserts and dairy products -- were 60 percent more likely to develop breast cancer than those eating a diet based on vegetables and soy, the study found. The study found the increased risk most acute for cancer involving so-called estrogen-receptor positive tumors. The post-menopausal women with the Western-style diet experienced a 90 percent increased risk for this type of breast cancer. One of the researchers, Marilyn Tseng of the Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia, said the study detected a much smaller increased breast cancer risk among younger women on a Western-style diet which was not statistically significant. Tseng noted that breast cancer rates among Asian women traditionally have been low but have been rising in recent years. Some experts have suspected that the adoption of a more Western diet may be at least partly to blame. "The increase in risk did appear to be due to the increase in red-meat intake," Tseng said in a telephone interview. "But we didn't do specific analyses to see if it could have been due to other parts of a western diet, like the high intake of desserts or high intake of dairy." The findings also suggested such a diet may increase breast cancer likelihood by increasing obesity, the researchers said. "We are the first to find evidence for an increased risk of breast cancer for a Western-style dietary pattern in an Asian population," the researchers wrote. They detected two dietary patterns in the women, who were diagnosed with their cancer from 1996 to 1998 and were subsequently interviewed about what they ate. One was a "vegetable-soy" pattern based on tofu, cauliflower, beans, bean sprouts and green leafy vegetables, with not much meat. The other was a "meat-sweet" pattern among women gravitating away from typical Chinese fare in favor of more Western foods. "Most studies have tended to look at single dietary factors. And what was unique about this study is that we tried to describe patterns of intake -- foods that go together, that seem to occur together in the diet," Tseng said.

Chinese President Hu Jintao on Monday launched a campaign to rid the country's sprawling Internet of "unhealthy" content, state television reported. Development and administration of Internet culture must stick to the direction of socialist advanced culture, adhere to correct propaganda guidance," said a summary of the meeting read on the news broadcast. "Internet cultural units must conscientiously take on the responsibility of encouraging development of a system of core socialist values." In January, President Hu made a similar call to "purify" it, and there have been many such calls before. "Consolidate the guiding status of Marxism in the ideological sphere," the party meeting urged, calling for more Marxist education on the Internet. In 2006, China's Internet users grew by 26 million, or 23.4 percent, year on year, to reach 137 million, Chinese authorities have estimated. That lucrative market has attracted big investors such as Google and Yahoo. Authorities have also launched repeated crackdowns on pornography and salacious content. The latest campaign against porn and "rumor-spreading" was announced earlier this month. The meeting also announced that schools and sports groups would be encouraged to use healthy competition as a way to shape youth, the report said. "Sports plays an irreplaceable role in the formation of young people's thinking and character, mental development and aesthetic formation," the meeting declared.

A vice-governor of China's central bank, Xiang Junbo, is expected to take the helm at the Agricultural Bank of China (ABC) to steer it through its shareholding reform in order to secure a market listing.It is not clear what post the People's Bank of China's Xiang will take but Caijing magazine, a leading financial publication, reported that the 50-year-old would be appointed as the governor and the chairman of the board upon the accomplishment of the shareholding reform.Analysts say the new appointment will not lead to immediate moves such as inviting strategic investors or financial restructuring as the bank is widely known to be the worst hit by massive lending to the rural sector, with a non-performing loan rate of 23.43 percent at the end of 2006, far higher than those of the other three state commercial banks, which have all been listed in Hong Kong and domestic A share markets.Before being promoted to the post of vice-governor of the People's Bank of China in July 2004, Xiang spent eight years with the National Audit Office. His background will be constructive to strengthening the risk control of the ABC, analysts say.China initiated the reform of the "big four" banks after the first national financial work conference in 1997. The China Construction Bank took the lead in market listing in October 2005, followed by the Bank of China last year.The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, the country's biggest lender, staged a dual debut in both Hong Kong and Shanghai bourses on Oct. 27.All three have followed the steps of government capital injections, dealing with non-performing loans, establishing shareholding companies, introducing strategic investors and seeking opportunities for listing. Up to US billion would be needed to clear the bank's non-performing loans before it could meet overseas listing standards, analysts have said. Su Ning, vice governor of the People's Bank of China, replaced Xiang as the chief of the Shanghai Head Office of the PBOC, a central bank statement said on Monday.

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The country's roaring stock market and soaring property prices have generated wealth for so many that the mainland now has more billionaires than any place other than the United States, according to a list released Wednesday.The list has 106 US dollar billionaires, compared with 15 last year and none in 2002, according to the popular annual The Hurun Rich List - compiled by Shanghai-based independent analyst Rupert Hoogeperf.Out of the top 10, nine own listed companies - six are real estate developers and two also derive a large percentage of their wealth from real estate, indicating that the country's economic growth is largely driven by construction and manufacturing.The total wealth of the 800 richest Chinese reached 9.3 billion, or 16 percent of the country's GDP last year. Their average wealth more than doubled in the past year to 2 million."China's richest have reaped windfalls from a sharp hike in property prices and the burgeoning stock markets," said Hoogeperf.But Beijing-based investment banker Andrew Zhang said: "The list shows up bubbles in the economy. The rich have accumulated their wealth with little technology, branding or international networks."Yang Huiyan - the 26-year-old woman who was No 1 on Forbes wealth list released this week - remains top on the Hurun list with a personal fortune reaching .5 billion, transferred from her property developer father.Her fortune comes from a 59.5 percent stake in Country Garden Holdings, a South China real estate developer founded by her father. The company's initial public offering in Hong Kong in April raised the equivalent of .9 billion and its shares closed Wednesday at HK.12 - more than double the IPO price.She is followed by 50-year-old Zhang Yin, last year's topper, who saw the value of her shares in Nine Dragon Paper triple to billion following a surge in the Hong Kong stock market.Xu Rongmao, 57, owner of Shimao Property Holdings Ltd comes in at No 3. He has seen his wealth grow to .5 billion, up .5 billion from last year.Huang Guangyu, 38, who founded Gome Electrical Appliances Holdings and owns unlisted property businesses, is fourth with billion.Guo Guangchang, whose Fosun Group has investments in property, retail, steel, pharmaceuticals and mining, rejoins the top 10 for the first time in four years after raising .5 billion from a Hong Kong listing in June.Surging share prices created much of the wealth of those on Hoogewerf's list.Nine made it due to shareholdings in Minsheng Banking Corp - the most prominent creator of super-rich of any Chinese company.Ping An Insurance (Group) Co, China's second-largest life insurer, and Western Mining Co, a zinc and lead miner, were each responsible for the wealth of seven on the list.

Geneva - China urged the United States on Friday to correct its anti-dumping and anti-subsidy measures targeting Chinese coated paper, reiterating that these measures violate World Trade Organization (WTO) rules.In consultations held in Geneva, Chinese officials questioned the consistency of the US measures with WTO regulations, and urged the United States to consider China's concerns seriously and correct its measures, said a statement from the Chinese WTO mission.The two sides also clarified some matters in the dispute and agreed to continue their contact on the issue, the statement said.Friday's consultations were held under the WTO's dispute settlement mechanism. China brought the case to the WTO's Dispute Settlement Body on September 14.According to Chinese trade officials, from November 2006 to July 2007, the United States launched five anti-dumping and anti- subsidy investigations into Chinese coated paper and steel tubes, which involved 635 Chinese enterprises with 70,000 employees and goods worth US0 million.Five dual investigations against Chinese products in less than a year was unprecedented in the history of world trade, the officials said.According to the Chinese Ministry of Commerce, the US decision not only violated WTO rules, but also went against a 23- year-old US bipartisan policy.

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BEIJING - The Silk Street market in Beijing, popular among tourists for cheap goods, tarnished its reputation as authorities seized fake name-brand sneakers and sports wear in the latest raid at the market. Law enforcement workers on Saturday confiscated 553 shoes of pirated Nike, 408 counterfeit Adidas shoes and 160 fake sports suits of the two famous brands after inspecting 11 booths at the market. An official with the Chaoyang branch of the Beijing Administration of Industry and Commerce said they had dealt with dozens of cases of fake products in the shopping mall so far this year. But the selling of fake goods still exists, especially at weekends, according to the official. The official said they are keeping tight inspection on fake goods. The Silk Street market, or Xiushui market in the Chaoyang District, has been popular with overseas tourists who have flocked to buy counterfeit and knock-off luxury clothes and accessories since 1985. In March 2005, the outdoor market moved to a multi-story building next to the Xiushui Street.

Walking up on a dais in traditional Chinese dress to receive your baccalaureate degree. Well, that can become a reality if a Peking University design contest throws up something novel and exciting enough to replace the Western-style gown, which till now have been worn by students. The prestigious seat of higher learning, long known for its tradition of innovation, launched the academic-gown designing contest on Thursday. The criterion: the costume has to be traditionally Chinese. The top design could become a must at the university's graduation ceremony in the not-so-distant future, according to the university's Communist Youth League committee, which is in charge of students' activities. "If the gown proves a success, we could introduce it in other universities, too," committee director Han Liu said. The contestants, students and teachers both, have been asked to submit their gown and cap designs before June 8. After the preliminary eliminations, the selected costumes will be displayed at this year's graduation ceremony on July 3. "It's an innovation because students in all Chinese colleges today use the same Western-style gown," said Lu Peng, another committee official. "It's also part of our campaign to promote culture and tradition on campus." Colleges students used to wear different types of gowns at the graduation ceremony till the State Council's Academic Degrees Committee promoted a standard one, the Western-style gown, in 1994. The degrees committee, however, told China Daily on Friday that it was not compulsory for all colleges to use the same gown. Scholars and students have been asking if Chinese people should wear traditional clothes on important occasions, such as graduation ceremonies. "Why should Chinese students wear Western gowns while receiving their degrees?" Sui Yue said. Sui is a sophomore and president of Peking University's Costume and Culture Association for Communication, a students' association that's helping organize the contest. The contest is open to all traditional Chinese clothes, she said, but "hanfu", the pre-17th century traditional dress of the Han Chinese, the majority ethnic group of China, has the edge because of its popularity among students. Wide sleeves, crossed collar-bands, layered robes and a fabric belt are the striking features of the hanfu. The contest reflects the revival of traditional Chinese culture, Li Zhisheng, a professor of history at Peking University, said.